SPEE, MAXIMILIAN (JOHANNES MARIA HUBERT), GRAF VON

(count of) born June 22, 1861, Copenhagen died Dec. 8, 1914, off Falkland Islands admiral who commanded German forces in the battles of Coronel and the Falkland Islands early in World War I. He entered the German Navy in 1878, and in 188788 he commanded the port in German Cameroon. In 1908 he was made chief of staff of the German Ocean (North Sea) Command, and at the end of 1912 he was appointed commander of the Far Eastern Squadron. When World War I began, Spee was in the Caroline Islands. Japan's declaration of war against Germany (Aug. 22, 1914) caused him to abandon plans for operations in Chinese waters and to head for South America. After bombarding Tahiti on September 22, he defeated the British 4th Cruiser Squadron, on Nov. 1, 1914, off Coronel, Chile. Two battle cruisers under Vice Admiral Sir Frederick Doveton Sturdee were sent from England against Spee. They arrived at Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, on Dec. 7, 1914. Spee, who had left Chile on November 26, appeared off the Falklands on December 8, perhaps not knowing that the British squadron was there. The Germans were defeated; Spee's flagship, the armoured cruiser Scharnhorst, went down with all hands.